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Hematology

Leukemia

Leukemia cannot be completely prevented, but there are measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing it.

Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood system and occurs when white blood cells in the bone marrow become abnormal and grow out of control. This disease is more common in children but can also affect adults of any age.


White blood cells constantly divide to replace old and damaged cells in the body. But in leukemia patients, they do not develop correctly.


Instead of maturing and becoming healthy cells, they pile up in the bone marrow and the bloodstream, directly interfering with its production, leading to various symptoms and complications.


What are leukemia symptoms?

Symptoms can vary depending on the type of leukemia and its stage. Generally, patients may experience:

  • Fatigue

  • Weakness

  • Dizziness

  • Headaches

  • Bone and joint pain

  • Weight loss

  • Night sweats and fever

Patients could also have bruises or hematomas with no apparent cause and suffer from recurring infections.


How many types of leukemia are there?

There are four main types of leukemia:

  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A type of blood and bone marrow cancer in which the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of immature lymphocytes (white blood cells). ALL is more common in children but can also affect adults.

  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): A slow and progressive form of leukemia that mainly affects older adults. It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal lymphocytes in the bone marrow, blood and other body organs.

  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A type of blood and bone marrow cancer in which the marrow creates an excessive amount of abnormal immature myeloid cells. AML can progress rapidly and can affect people of all ages.

  • Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): This is a slow and progressive form of leukemia that targets myeloid cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is characterized by an abnormal chromosome called the Philadelphia Chromosome.


How is leukemia diagnosed?

For a diagnosis, a hematologist can carry out a physical exam, request blood tests and bone marrow biopsies. They may also require other tests, such as CT scans, X-Rays, and genetic tests.

If the presence of leukemic cells is confirmed, the hematologist will determine the type of leukemia and the stage of the disease.


What are leukemia risk factors?

Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing Leukemia. These include:

  • Radiation exposure

  • Toxic chemicals

  • Viruses like HIV

  • Genetic Disorders

It has also been shown that smoking and alcohol consumption can increase the risk of certain types of leukemia.


How can leukemia be prevented?

Leukemia cannot be completely prevented, but there are measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing it. These include avoiding exposure to chemicals, toxins or high radiation levels, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and having regular check-ups to detect the disease at an early stage.


If you are concerned about your health or have a family history of leukemia, don't wait any longer to get a check-up and detect any early signs. At BlueNetHospitals, we have hematologists who are experts in treating leukemia and can provide you with the advice and care you need.



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