Pediatric Urology

Kidney Stones in Children

Kidney stones, also known as renal lithiasis, are solid formations that develop in the kidneys. Although more common in adults, they can also affect children.

Kidney Stones in Children

Kidney stones, also known as renal lithiasis, are solid formations that develop in the kidneys. Although more common in adults, they can also affect children.


This condition occurs when certain substances present in the urine, such as calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, accumulate and crystallize, forming stones in the kidneys. Kidney stones in children can cause pain and discomfort, and it is important to identify and treat the condition properly.


What are the symptoms?

Symptoms may vary, but children may generally experience different discomforts such as:

  • Sudden and intense pain in the back or side

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Groin pain when the stone passes through the urinary tract

  • Severe abdominal pain, especially in young children

  • Burning sensation or pain during urination

  • Presence of blood in the urine (hematuria)

  • Possible fever and urinary tract infection


In some cases, kidney stones can cause recurrent urinary tract infections.


How are they diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of urinalysis, blood tests, and diagnostic imaging. However, in children, ultrasound is commonly used as it is easy to perform, can detect most stones, and does not involve radiation.


Urinalysis can also help identify the presence of crystals or blood in the urine, while blood tests can reveal abnormal levels of certain chemical compounds.


Treatment for kidney stones in children


The treatment for kidney stones in children may vary depending on the size, location, and composition of the stones, as well as the severity of symptoms. These are the most common treatments:

  • Hydration and observation: The doctor may recommend careful monitoring to assess if the stones pass on their own.

  • Medications: In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help dissolve the stones or alleviate associated symptoms such as pain or inflammation.

  • Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): This therapy uses shock waves to break the stones into smaller fragments, facilitating their passage through the urinary tract.

  • Ureteroscopy: In this technique, a thin, flexible tube (ureteroscope) is inserted through the urethra and bladder to reach the site where the stone is located. Special tools can then be used to break or remove the stones.

  • Surgery: Surgical methods may include percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), in which a small incision is made in the back to access the kidney and remove the stones, or open surgery in exceptional cases.


Causes of kidney stones in children

Several risk factors are associated with kidney stones in children, including:

  • Dehydration

  • Family history of predisposition to developing stones

  • High consumption of salt, meats, and processed foods, with insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables

  • Reduced urine production due to inadequate fluid intake

  • Abnormalities in the urinary tract

  • Use of certain medications


Additionally, certain medical conditions such as metabolic disorders and urinary tract diseases can also increase the risk of developing kidney stones.


How to prevent kidney stones in children?

While not all types of kidney stones can be prevented, it is crucial to ensure proper hydration by drinking enough water to avoid dehydration. A clear sign of adequate hydration is when the urine is almost transparent. Additionally, reducing salt and salty food intake can help lower the risk of developing kidney stones.


To prevent the formation of new kidney stones, it is recommended that all children who have had kidney stones:

  • Drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. It is important to consult the doctor to determine the amount of fluid each child should consume

  • Limit salt and protein intake in their diet

  • Reduce consumption of carbonated and soft drinks


These measures help maintain proper hydration and nutrition balance, thus reducing the risk of kidney stone formation.


If you suspect that your child may be suffering from kidney stones, it is important to seek specialized medical attention. At Children Clinic Los Cabos, we have a team of highly trained and experienced doctors. Our Pediatric Urology specialist is committed to providing the best care using cutting-edge technology. Let's make an appointment.



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